The 2023/2024 season has been catastrophic for Italian durum wheat, severely affecting the local pasta industry as Turkey overtakes Italy in production and exports. Adverse weather in regions like Puglia and Sicily has led to poor yields and quality, with global stocks at historic lows. While North America is expected to boost production next season, Italy faces a significant decline, prompting the Bologna stock exchange to introduce a new product category. The 'below mercantile' quality, with protein levels under 11%, has emerged, causing a wide price gap between high and low-quality wheat. The 'fino' quality has tripled in price, and Europe is projected to see a 2% production drop, contrasting with increases in Canada, USA, Russia, North Africa, and Turkey.