Russia has introduced export quotas and customs duties on wheat for the period from February 15, 2021, to June 30, 2021, in an effort to stabilize flour and bread prices domestically. The quotas set the export volume at 17.5 million tons, with a fee of 25 euros per ton for those within the quotas and 50% or 100 euros per ton for those outside. Egypt, a major importer of wheat, is considering several options in response, including reducing Russian wheat imports, continuing them with the new costs, or expanding wheat cultivation in Africa. In 2019, Egypt imported over 13 million tons of wheat, primarily for bread production.