The walnut and pecan sector in the EU is facing a competitive disadvantage due to phytosanitary limitations that are not present in third countries like the United States and Chile, where the use of cyanamide, a substance prohibited in the EU due to health concerns, is permitted. This results in higher yields and lower production costs in these countries, making their imports more appealing. In 2023, EU imports of walnuts reached 186,755 tons, with the United States and Chile as the main suppliers. Spanish production of shelled walnuts reached only 10,000 tons due to adverse climatic conditions, and there is interest in differentiating Spanish production from imports through the Nueces de España brand. However, the sector also faces challenges in product quality and size, and there is a lack of information about pecan production in Spain.