Kampot pepper, a high-value pepper with a unique flavor and fragrance, is facing significant threats due to global warming, particularly in the form of extreme weather conditions including heat waves and droughts in Southeast Asia. These conditions have led to the death of pepper trees and significant crop losses among farmers in Cambodia, where the pepper is internationally renowned and EU-certified. The extreme weather is expected to make this one of the worst years on record for Kampot pepper production, with projections of a halving of production and potential shortages by 2025, posing a serious challenge for farmers and the pepper industry.