A report by TRAFFIC has uncovered underreporting and illegal trade of high-value marine species in Africa, including sea cucumber, seahorse, and fish maw, which is decimating populations and harming local communities. Despite efforts to regulate trade and impose bans, smuggling networks are exploiting legal loopholes. The illegal trade, primarily to Asia, is characterized by discrepancies in import and export reports and is driven by demand for luxury products. The report recommends urgent action, such as stricter regulation and investigation of trade discrepancies, to address this issue. Two sea cucumber species have been listed under CITES to better regulate international trade.