India, the world's largest consumer and producer of milk, is projected to grow its population by 272 million by 2050, potentially straining its dairy sector as it strives to meet the increasing demand for milk and dairy products. Despite challenges like religious restrictions on dairy cow slaughter, the country's milk production is on a growth trajectory, expected to increase by 130 million tons in the next decade, with cow's milk becoming a larger share of the production. Currently, most milk is consumed domestically, though there is potential for excess production if demand does not keep pace with production growth, potentially leading to the need for international market outlets.