A study led by Smithsonian's National Museum of Natural History and Temple University anthropologists has found that Indigenous oyster fisheries were sustainably managed for hundreds to thousands of years before European colonization. The research, published in Nature Communications, suggests that these ancient fisheries could provide insights for modern estuary restoration and management. The study relied on archaeological records, specifically oyster shell middens, and found that Indigenous harvesting practices did not lead to population crashes. The authors call for the inclusion of Indigenous communities in modern conservation decisions to address the decline of oyster populations in places like the Chesapeake and San Francisco bays.