Creameries continued to import Russian sunflower after the government introduced duties and restricted exports from Kazakhstan, importing at a rate 2 times higher than before the introduction of the duty. The export duty significantly reduced the volume of sunflower exports from Kazakhstan, despite consistent growth in sunflower production from 2019 to 2022. The total supply of sunflower on the domestic market, taking into account official imports in 2022/23 MY, amounted to more than 1.5 million tons, with an average monthly consumption of 109 thousand tons.