Antarctic krill, a crucial marine animal protein source for the food industry and pharmaceuticals, is a highly valued resource found in the World Ocean. Its discovery and development were largely led by Soviet scientists in the 1960s, with the first fishing beginning in 1971. Since then, other countries have joined the effort, and the industry has seen significant growth, with Norway and China playing key roles. In 2020, the annual catch reached its highest at 460 thousand tons. Despite the total allowable catch in the Antarctic Atlantic being 5.61 million tons, the actual annual catch is only a small fraction, around 0.7% of the pre-exploitation krill biomass. Russia is planning to increase its fishing efforts and improve extraction and processing technologies.