The Pantaneiro cattle, originally from the Iberian Peninsula and brought to Brazil by the Portuguese and Spanish, is a hardy and adaptable taurine breed found in the Pantanal, the world's largest floodplain. This breed, considered a national genetic heritage, is well-suited to the region's extreme conditions and is dual-purpose, producing meat and milk. However, its numbers have been greatly reduced by miscegenation with Nelore cattle, and efforts to conserve the breed, including official registration, have been led by Embrapa Pantanal since the 1980s. The breed's small size, maternal abilities, and high libido make it suitable for sustainable breeding systems, and it is seen as a promising addition to sustainable livestock farming in Brazil.