Vietnam is the leading grower of pepper, particularly in Dak Nong province, but ranks second in output due to most of the produce being sold in its raw form. However, the US and EU markets have helped offset the loss from the declining Chinese market, with an estimated average export of 25,000 tons of pepper per month in the last two months of 2024, generating around 300 million USD. The total pepper and spice export turnover for 2024 is projected to be 1.4 billion USD. The Vietnamese Pepper and Spice Association (VPSA) plans to increase support for farmers and businesses to meet international quality and food safety standards in its 2025 strategic plan, with expectations of the Chinese market's recovery.