Pepper prices in Indonesia and Malaysia increased slightly on December 21, 2024, with Lampung black pepper and Muntok white pepper prices seeing a slight increase. In contrast, domestic pepper prices in Vietnam decreased by 1,000 VND. The structure of Vietnam's pepper export types is changing positively with an increase in ground pepper and a gradual decrease in whole pepper. Vietnam is one of the three largest spice producing and exporting countries in the world.