Russia has improved its global ranking in cow productivity, rising to 18th place and surpassing Argentina, Poland, and Slovakia. This improvement is due to the introduction of large industrial dairy complexes, systematically focusing on feed, genetics, and herd maintenance. The most efficient Russian farms have surpassed 11,300 kg/head/year, with the leading farm producing 15,258 kg/head/year. However, the industry faces potential risks due to increased costs and a decrease in profitability, which may lead to reduced investment and a slowdown in growth in 2024. The Krasnodar Territory has surpassed the Leningrad Region in productivity, and experts have highlighted the need to increase the raw material base to support growing domestic consumption and export plans.