Russian farmers are facing challenges to adapt to new realities such as climate change, pandemic aftermath, and new technologies, leading them to reconsider traditional crop patterns. Whether in the Southern Federal District or not, maintaining profitability is key. Wheat, being simple and convenient to cultivate and highly profitable, is the basis for crop structure. However, increasing costs for agricultural machinery, fertilizers, and agrochemistry are not compensated, potentially leading to an imbalance. Despite these challenges, alternative grains like barley and corn have potential. The south of Russia will continue to be the main wheat and sunflower producer, while the Far East can increase soybean production for Chinese and Southeast Asian markets. The central regions are planning to increase hemp and fiber flax production.