Russia is a major supplier of pine nuts, with annual production varying from 25,000 to 30,000 tons. In 2023, Russia exported pine nuts worth $101 million, primarily to China. Demand for Russian pine nuts is expected to increase by $250 million in 2024. However, Chinese companies are competing with Russian companies by buying pine nuts directly from residents in small villages and quickly exporting them to China. The global production of shelled pine nuts is expected to increase significantly in the 2024/25 season, with China, North Korea, and Russia seeing significant increases in production.