A recent study conducted by the University of British Columbia, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, and the Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Fisheries has found that piscine orthreovirus (PRV) poses a "very low risk" to British Columbia's wild Pacific salmon. The study, which involved injecting wild Pacific sockeye salmon with PRV, showed no negative effects on the fish's respiratory performance. Previous studies have suggested that PRV may not be the sole cause of heart and skeletal muscle inflammation (HSMI) in fish, and this new research supports these findings by demonstrating that sockeye salmon can carry PRV without experiencing any physiological harm.