South Africa's livestock industry is facing potential threats from diseases such as East Coast Fever, January Disease, and Rinderpest, progressing southward from other parts of Africa. Veterinarian Faffa Malan emphasizes the importance of biosecurity, for which producers must take responsibility. Another significant threat is brucellosis, a contagious disease with no known cure, which can spread rapidly and requires infected animals to be slaughtered. Producers are legally required to vaccinate heifers against brucellosis. Despite these challenges, progress is being made in the development and production of livestock vaccines in South Africa.