The Department of Agriculture, Land Reform and Rural Development (DALRRD) and the Department of Trade, Industry and Competition (DTIC) of South Africa have begun consultations with the European Union (EU) at the World Trade Organization (WTO) over phytosanitary measures the EU has imposed on South African citrus fruits. This action is in response to a record high of 51 detections of citrus black spot, a disease caused by the fungus Phyllosticta citricarpa, in South African citrus shipments to the EU in 2023. The EU has long pressed South Africa to improve its disease control measures, especially since the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) confirmed the disease's potential to spread through fruit and adapt to the Mediterranean climate, with its presence noted in Tunisia since 2019.