The European Union has imposed significant duties on grain imports from Russia and Belarus, with tariffs potentially reaching 50% of the market price per crop. This move is aimed at curbing the influx of Russian grain and reducing its agricultural income, and is also seen as a strategy to favor Ukrainian agricultural exports. However, these duties are expected to negatively affect European food and port industries and may result in higher costs for EU countries, particularly Italy and Spain, which rely on Russian durum grain. The tariffs do not extend to grain transit through EU ports to third countries.