Beijing has initiated an investigation into subsidies for European dairy products, including those from France, in response to the EU's duties on electric cars. This action follows an ongoing dispute at the World Trade Organization and a similar investigation into EU pork exports. The dairy investigation, requested by Chinese industry groups, could lead to tariffs and is expected to take up to a year to conclude. The EU has pledged to defend its dairy industry and has also investigated producers of wind turbines and solar panels, and temporarily imposed anti-dumping duties on Chinese biofuels.