Spanish walnut producers are facing a competitive disadvantage in the European Union due to phytosanitary limitations, particularly the prohibition of cyanamide, a substance used in walnut production in countries like the United States and Chile. This was highlighted during a meeting by the walnut and pecan committee of the Spanish Federation of Associations of Fruit and Vegetable Exporters (Fepex). The sector is seeking to differentiate itself from imports through quality, under the Nueves de España brand. However, the sector's development may be limited by other European phytosanitary protection restrictions. In 2023, Spain imported 186,755 tons of walnuts from the EU, mainly from the United States and Chile.