Egypt and Syria are facing challenges in wheat supplies due to the Russia-Ukraine conflict and domestic production remains insufficient. Egypt, with a population of over 103 million and a low self-sufficiency rate, relies heavily on imports, primarily from Russia and Ukraine, and has sufficient grain reserves to last four months. The government is considering increasing imports of other grains and reducing wheat imports to alleviate inflation, while also planning to increase domestic production by expanding agricultural land. Syria, under US sanctions, is experiencing a shortage of basic necessities, including food, due to the conflict and interruption of imports from Ukraine and Russia. The humanitarian needs of the population remain vast, with the majority living below the poverty line.