Brazil's Ministry of Agriculture has reported two cases of atypical Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE or 'mad cow disease'), in slaughterhouses in Nova Canaã do Norte and Belo Horizonte. Despite these cases, the ministry assures there is no risk to human and animal health. These cases, the fourth and fifth in over 23 years, have led to the temporary suspension of beef exports to China. The exports to China this year have reached US$ 3.545 billion. The disease, which affects the nervous system of older cows, is caused by an infectious protein in the brain, and cannot be transmitted from one cow to another.