A recent report by the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) highlights a surge in outbreaks of highly pathogenic avian influenza (H5N1) across 17 countries, with over 10 million poultry dead or culled in the past month. Europe has seen the majority of these outbreaks, although Asia experiences more severe outbreaks. The virus has also started to affect non-domestic animals in several countries, including Spain. Despite the challenges, Europe has relied on strategies like culling and biosecurity to manage the crisis. Meanwhile, the scientific community monitors the virus's behaviors and potential for vaccination, particularly in Extensive production in the European Union, where no vaccines are currently used. The situation prompts concerns about the virus's global distribution and its impact on an increasing range of bird species, with experts warning of the possibility of H5N1 becoming endemic in Europe.