A study by the Universities of Oxford and Exeter has found that plant species, recommended as 'pollinator-friendly' in Europe, bloom up to a month too late in spring to effectively support bee conservation. This 'hungry gap' results in low bee colony survival and reduced queen production for the following year. The research suggests that enhancing hedgerows with early blooming species like ground ivy, red dead-nettle, maple, cherry, hawthorn, and willow could improve colony success. The study also highlighted that bumblebee food demand peaks from March to June, and a lack of food during this period can severely impact colony survival and queen production.