A severe cold snap has caused extensive damage to vineyards in Nova Scotia, with the Grape Growers Association of Nova Scotia reporting that between 95 and 100% of vinifera variety grapes, essential for producing Chardonnays, Pinot noirs, and Rieslings, have been lost. This marks the worst damage experienced by Steve Ells and his colleagues in their careers. The extreme cold hit unexpectedly after an unseasonably mild winter, catching the grapes off guard and leading to a "multiyear" recovery period for the affected vines.