The Italian hazelnut industry has seen a significant increase in production over the past decade, with a 25% rise in cultivated hectares and annual production surpassing 100,000 tons. However, the climate crisis, particularly drought, has reduced production by a third in the last two years. Italy, the world's second-largest producer after Turkey, imports nearly half of its requirements, primarily from Turkey. Global hazelnut production is projected to increase by 6% to 1.23 million tons in 2023, largely due to Turkey's expected 5% growth. The United States and other countries like Azerbaijan, Georgia, Chile, and China also contribute to the global supply. Despite the increase in volume, Italian imports in 2022 reached over 75,000 tons, with 85% being shelled products. The industry faces challenges such as early flowering, late spring frosts, and water scarcity, which are affecting hazelnut crops and the broader agricultural sector.