A study by the Food and Agriculture Organization’s Fishery Committee for the Eastern Central Atlantic (CECAF) has identified overexploitation of small pelagic resources off Northwest Africa's coast, with sardine, round sardinella, flat sardinella, Atlantic horse mackerel, and ethmalosa stocks experiencing alarming declines. To address this, CECAF suggests measures like biological rest, zoning, minimum size limits, and capacity management, and recommends a 60% reduction in fishing effort. The Coalition for Fair Fisheries Arrangements (CFFA) has also issued a policy brief ahead of an E.U.-Mauritania committee meeting, calling for better payment and training for fishery observers, stricter compliance with fisheries agreements, and restrictions on bycatch, particularly octopus, to protect the rights of small-scale Mauritanian fishers.