Pepper prices in Vietnam have reached a four-year high and doubled from their April 2020 low, with expectations to further increase to between 90,000 and 100,000 VND/kg by the end of the year. Despite this, farmers are not significantly benefiting as they sell most of their produce immediately after harvest. Vietnam remains the leading supplier of pepper to the US, accounting for 65.4% of the total imported volume in the first seven months of the year. Meanwhile, New York cocoa futures for December 2021 closed at a 10-month high of 2,755 USD/ton, driven by increased supplies from Ghana, the world's second-largest cocoa producer. However, Nigeria, the fifth-largest producer, reduced its prices after cocoa exports in August surged by over 700 percent year-on-year.