The Philippines has excluded several agricultural products and industrial items from the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) to safeguard local industries from cheap imports. The country has liberalized 98.1% of its tariff lines, primarily for intermediate and capital goods. This move does not conflict with the Rice Tariffication Law, which liberalizes rice importation. The government anticipates benefits for manufacturing, construction, transport, machinery, and agriculture sectors, with an expected 10% increase in exports to RCEP countries. RCEP is expected to enhance the competitiveness of local firms and provide a rules-based trading system.