In 2022, Russia achieved a record wheat flour export of 875 thousand tons, a significant increase from the previous year's 259 thousand tons, with Iraq emerging as the primary buyer. This surge in exports is attributed to high export duties on wheat and a decrease in flour exports from Ukraine. The top three importers were Iraq with 21.7%, Afghanistan with 16.9%, and Turkey with 10.5%. Despite challenges such as a decrease in rye flour production, Russia's flour production has seen an increase this year, reaching 887 thousand tons at its peak in October. This growth is even more substantial when considering undeclared production from the 'shadow' sector.