The article highlights a significant decrease in the cultivation of watermelons and melons in Ukraine, with the planted area reducing to 30,000 hectares in 2024 from 61,800 hectares in 2021. This decline is attributed to various factors, including the occupation of the Kherson region by Russia, transportation challenges, unsuccessful trials of cultivation in new areas, and mobilization impacting the retail market. As a result, supermarkets are predominantly selling imported watermelons, which are more expensive than local ones. Despite these challenges, there is high demand, leading to an increase in the planted area in the Kherson region by five times. The higher costs and lower yields have made watermelon farming less profitable for some, but it remains profitable in regions close to large cities.