In 2023, the EU's grain exports to China were dominated by barley, which accounted for 72% of the total and saw a 4.6 times increase to 3.82 million tons from the previous year. Corn exports also rose significantly, while wheat exports dropped by 47%. Oilseeds and by-products exports grew by 35%, with sunflower meal making up 67% of China's purchases. Additionally, China's import of rapeseed oil from the EU nearly quadrupled to 112.6 thousand tonnes.