Argentina's Santa Cruz Province is grappling with the challenges of managing the burgeoning guanaco population, a species that over the last two decades has grown from 245,000 in 2000 to an estimated 2 million in 2018, occupying over 70% of the global population. This situation poses a significant challenge for ranchers who share grassland resources with these herbivores. In response, a National Plan for the Sustainable Management of Guanaco (PNMSG) was implemented in 2019, aiming to balance conservation with sustainable use. The plan includes regulations for the legal harvesting of guanaco meat and wool, which are valued for gourmet and tourism markets. Despite facing setbacks like the pandemic and resistance from other provinces due to concerns of extinction, the initiative has shown progress, with some meat processing companies successfully obtaining and processing guanaco meat. This venture represents a crucial step towards sustainable coexistence and economic exploitation of the guanaco population in Argentina.