The article outlines the significant challenges Poland faces in its potato production sector, primarily due to the underutilization of certified seed potatoes. This has led to lower yields and phytosanitary issues in comparison to other EU countries. Recent years have seen a decline in both the area dedicated to potato seed plantations and the production of certified seeds, with a notable decrease in 2023 attributed to reduced plantation areas and drought impacts. Despite importing certified seed potatoes annually, Poland still faces a shortage, underscoring the urgent need for investment in biological progress and the adoption of healthy seed materials to enhance production outcomes.