Norwegian fish farms are shifting towards a more sustainable practice by feeding their salmon a vegetarian diet, consisting of plant-based materials, fish oil, vitamins, minerals and pigment. This is a departure from the less sustainable practice of using wild fish as feed. However, concerns have been raised about the potential negative impact on aquatic birds and impoverished populations. Alternatives such as using black soldier flies as feed have been suggested, but the higher cost has deterred fish farmers from adopting this method. Experts suggest that fish farms need to explore other methods to reduce their environmental footprint, such as better use of human food waste or underutilized marine resources.