Vietnam's pepper industry, which exported over 264,000 tons of pepper in 2023, is expected to face significant challenges in 2024 due to decreased demand, price fluctuations, and competition from other pepper-growing countries. Strict pesticide residue levels, climate change, rising prices of other crops, and increased shipping rates are also posing challenges. The Vietnam Pepper and Spice Association predicts a 10.5% decrease in pepper output in 2024 due to climate change. This, coupled with high prices of Indonesian pepper and drought in Brazil, is likely to result in Vietnam's pepper exports reaching the lowest level in the last five years.