European apple exporters are facing increasingly serious logistical challenges, particularly for shipments to the Persian Gulf region. Transit times have lengthened, freight rates have increased, while disruptions in the supply chains further deteriorate predictability. Longer transportation is not only more expensive but also increases the risk of product quality deterioration, causing some exporters to turn to new markets. The logistical difficulties occur at a time when the European apple market is already struggling with oversupply. In February 2026, Poland recorded an inventory of 836 thousand tons, which is 13.1% higher than the previous year. Italy's inventory reached 1.1 million tons, while the total warehouse inventory for 15 European countries showed a 12.5% increase year-on-year. Although Iran's more restrained exports could theoretically create better market opportunities for countries like Turkey or Poland, in practice, this has not resulted in increased demand. ...