Over 30 countries have used highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) vaccines since 2005, as per the World Organization for Animal Health (WOAH). Mexico, the world's second-largest poultry meat producer and largest egg producer, has vaccinated over 170 million birds against avian flu, preventing major outbreaks. Other Central American countries are following suit. The European Union is developing a vaccination strategy and harmonizing vaccination rules for free trade within the bloc. The US does not plan to authorize vaccinations that negatively impact poultry trade and is testing the effectiveness of a updated vaccine. Vaccination is part of a comprehensive strategy that includes preventive measures and control of other diseases.