A study by Coninagro has found that while some products are cheaper in Argentina than Brazil, eight essential foodstuffs, including rice, milk, and pork, are more expensive in Argentina despite lower producer income and higher production costs. The higher consumer prices in Argentina are due to taxes, with Argentina's VAT on milk reaching 21%, compared to Brazil's ICMS at 12%. Fluctuations in exchange rates and marketing costs further impact the competitiveness of the Argentine food sector. Despite these challenges, Argentine producers manage to remain competitive, albeit with limited maneuverability.