Indonesia's threat to ban palm oil exports has caused concern among manufacturers of cooking oil, soaps, and cosmetics, as they face potential raw material supply shortages. The world's largest palm oil producer will only ban refined, bleached, deodorised (RBD) palm olein, not crude palm oil. The move could further drive up prices and affect availability of the important ingredient, especially as production in Malaysia is also strained by labour shortages. The tight vegetable oil market, already exacerbated by shortages of soybean, sunflower, and rapeseed oil due to drought, war, and adverse weather, has led to cooking oil rationing in the European Union and the UK.