The beef market outlook for 2023 remains optimistic, with a decline in the EU beef herd and finished beef cattle numbers in key markets like France, Spain, Italy, and the Netherlands, leading to relatively tight supplies. This is expected to underlie a positive market environment for Irish exports. Despite an increase in beef supplies in the UK, the cost-of-living crisis and economic situation are expected to impact beef demand. Bord Bia and Teagasc forecast higher cattle prices in 2023, but direct costs of production are also expected to increase, potentially offsetting any increase in gross margins. Policy supports like the Suckler Carbon Efficiency Programme and the Agri-Climate Rural Environment Scheme (ACRES) could contribute to increases in farm income.