Japan has recently lifted a 20-year ban on Canadian imports of processed meat, marking a significant expansion in trade relations between the two countries. This decision, announced on March 22, follows a series of restrictions imposed after a BSE (bovine spongiform encephalopathy) case was detected in Alberta, Canada, in 2003. The removal of these restrictions allows Japan to import a wider range of Canadian processed meat products, including hamburgers. This development is particularly timely, as Japan plans to reduce tariffs on beef imports starting April 1, in line with the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement on Trans-Pacific Partnership. Canada, a major beef exporter, had prohibited the practice of using mammalian protein in animal feed in 1997 to prevent BSE.