Kazakhstan's domestic market offers over $185.1 billion worth of potential product niches that could be competed by local manufacturers, but imports dominate these markets. The number of potential import replacement products and their value have grown between 2018 and 2023, with imported goods dominating various categories such as detergents, sanitary products, cosmetics, clothing, and household and computer equipment. The price of these imports is often higher than the cost of locally produced goods, leading to the export of domestic products to other countries in pursuit of higher prices. China and Russia are Kazakhstan's main trading partners, resulting in a negative trade balance, while Europe, especially Italy, Germany, France, and the Netherlands, are the top buyers of Kazakhstani raw materials and processed products.