Manisa, known as the 'capital of grape' in Turkey, is also a major exporter of vine leaves, particularly to Mediterranean and Middle Eastern countries. Women collect the grape leaves in the spring, which are then pickled and exported from 20 facilities in the province. Last year, 476 thousand tons of vine leaves were exported, providing a second source of income for 50,000 families. The Manisa Viticulture Research Institute has advised to avoid over-collecting leaves and only take 15-20% of the total.