An international research team, led by the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences and NYU, has conducted a comprehensive genomic analysis of Setaria or foxtail millet, a key cereal crop. The study, published in Nature Genetics, aims to enhance understanding of the crop's domestication, evolution, and critical agricultural traits. By assembling 110 representative genomes from 1,844 Setaria species worldwide, the researchers established the Setaria pan-genome, revealing potential genes and marker-panels for adaptation and improvement across various geographic locations. Findings include the identification of genes regulating grain yield and the creation of the first graph-based genome sequence of Setaria, offering valuable tools for biological research and breeding efforts. This research is of significant importance for enhancing foxtail millet and providing insights for other crops to bolster food security under climate change.