In the USA, walnut seedlings produced by budding achieve a 70% yield, with an average wholesale price of $14 each, significantly higher than the $1.4 to $4 for other fruit crops. The primary rootstock is black walnut, with seeds sown post-harvest and budding in August. This method is also effective in dry, warm climates like Iran and Kyrgyzstan. However, in Ukraine, walnut budding is seldom used due to low bud survival rates caused by temperature fluctuations during the growth period.