Population genetic insights into the conservation of common walnut in Central Asia

Understanding species distribution, differentiation and the factors affecting genetic diversity is important for sustainable conservation and effective management, as well as the rational utilization of species germplasm.Genetic diversity, a key component of biodiversity, provides essential information on adaptation and the evolutionary capacity of plant species. Notably, the genetic diversity of forest trees is severely affected by increased harvesting (nuts, barks, timbers, etc.) and human interference (overexploitation, overgrazing, etc.), resulting in habitat fragmentation and considerable reduction of forestland area.Juglans regia L. (Juglandaceae), popularly known as the common walnut, is a deciduous tree species typically distributed and cultivated in mountainous areas across subtropical and temperate regions, from the Balkans eastward to Asia, including China, Iran, Kazakhstan, Afghanistan and Pakistan. Presently, J. regia is cultivated in more than 60 countries, with ...