In February 2023, the Russian agricultural watchdog, Rosselkhoznadzor, intercepted a car at a checkpoint in the Orenburg region, finding it carried over 15 tons of sanctioned nuts, including almonds labeled as 'Product of Australia'. This violation, among 14 similar incidents in 2022 primarily from Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan, involves a complex supply chain evading Russia's ban on Australian agricultural products. This series of breaches uncovers a surreptitious pathway from Australia, through Dubai, Iran, and Central Asia, to Russia, highlighting the challenges Australia faces in protecting its agricultural market from illegal trade. Australia, a leading global almond producer, is keen to expand its industry while navigating these trade challenges.