Researchers from the Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology in Germany have developed a method to train cows to defecate and urinate in a specific area, a potential solution to the environmental issues caused by livestock waste. The method, known as the MooLoo approach, uses rewards and mild punishments to train calves to use the barn toilet. Eleven out of sixteen calves in the experiment successfully learned this behavior within a few weeks. The researchers suggest that the five calves that did not master the skill likely required more training.